Written By: Ben Cosgrove

Poets, Shelley famously wrote, “are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.” Of course, as a poet himself, the great Romantic might have been slightly biased in his own, and in his fellow bards’, favor.

Self-serving or not, his point is worth examining: in a world where the acknowledged legislators, i.e., politicians of all stripes, scramble for power while yammering about what’s best for all of us, there’s something deeply heartening about the idea that, when all is said and done, it is the artist the writer, the musician, the creative spirit, and not the lawmaker who truly shapes the future. In fact, one could take the argument further and propose that a single, specific artistic pursuit has always managed to shape the future with more authority than any other: namely, the practice and the process of architecture.

From the Parthenon to the Taj Mahal to Fallingwater to the Empire State Building, consciously designed structures temples, mausoleums, private dwellings and public edifices are often the most eloquent messengers from one generation, and from one culture, to another. Architecture, when done right, embodies a civilization’s values and aspirations: it shows what mattered to a given group of people at a given time in history, and translates an artist’s vision into tangible, lasting form.

One such artist, whose work so defined his time that it’s impossible to imagine certain decades and cityscapes without his influence, was the German master Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1886 – 1969). Like his contemporaries Walter Gropius and Le Corbusier, Mies (pronounced “mees,” like “peace”) championed simplicity in the cause of a truly Modern architecture, eschewing decorative elements in favor of clarity and emphasizing functionality as absolutely central to any structure’s aesthetic appeal.

Mies loved the George Washington Bridge, for example, not only because he so admired the at-once muscular and elegant proportions of the vast steel span above the Hudson River, but because one can see virtually every critical element of the bridge’s construction simply by glancing at it. The GWB does not hide or attempt to divert one’s attention from its underlying structure; instead for Mies and for those who share his sensibility the genuinely dramatic appeal of the bridge is its structure: the spare, gorgeous sinews that delineate its function.
Here, LIFE.com republishes a series of photographs by photographer Frank Scherschel from a feature that ran in the March 1, 1957 issue of LIFE, at the same time that the architect’s signature achievement the 38-story Seagram Building on Park Avenue in New York was nearing completion.

Titled “Emergence of a Master Architect,” the LIFE article made clear from the outset that until the mid-1950s, “Mies was renowned chiefly among fellow architects and his revolutionary ideas were known chiefly through models, a few buildings in Europe and the work of disciples.

“But today at 70, after living inconspicuously in the U.S. for 20 years, Mies is bursting into full, spectacular view … [A sudden surge of high-profile commissions] is accepted by Mies as vindication of his lifelong principle that architecture must be true to its time. His own severely geometric, unembellished buildings have been designed to express in purest forms a technological concept of our technological age. They also … express the simplicity and sturdy nobility of Mies himself.”

“Romanticists don’t like my buildings,” Mies told LIFE, speaking with the sort of simple, unadorned directness that one would expect from the visionary behind the Seagram Building, the Farnsworth House and other Modernist architectural touchstones. “They say [my designs] are cold and rigid. But we do not build for fun. We build for a purpose.”

Liz Ronk, who edited this gallery, is the Photo Editor for LIFE.com. Follow her on Twitter at @LizabethRonk.

Architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe peers between two large models of ultra-modern apartment buildings he designed for Chicago's Lake Shore Drive, 1956.

Architect Mies van der Rohe in 1956

Frank Scherschel The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images

Mies van der Rohe-designed apartment houses, 860-880 Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, 1956.

Lake Shore Drive apartment houses designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

Frank Scherschel The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images

Apartment house at 860 Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, designed by Mies van der Rohe.

860 Lake Shore Drive, Chicago

Frank Scherschel The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images

Bronze I-beams ready to ship from Chicago's Extruded Metals Company to New York City, where they will be part of the construction of the new Seagram's Building tower in midtown, 1956.

Bronze I-beams for Seagram’s Building

Frank Scherschel The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images

Clouds reflected on the glass facade of an apartment building in Chicago designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, 1956.

Building, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, 1956

Frank Scherschel The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images

Realtor Herbert Greenwald and architect Mies van der Rohe consider a model of a Mies building, 1956.

Mies van der Rohe, 1956

Frank Scherschel The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images

Testing a fountain in a laboratory at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Mies and his Seagram associate, architect Philip Johnson (second from left), who planned fountain, decide to use two of them to decorate Seagram Plaza.

Mies van der Rohe, 1956

Frank Scherschel The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images

00957887.JPGPlanning new project to remake Battery park, Mies discusses model with Herbert Greenwald, a real estate developer. Greenwald gave Mies his first Chicago apartments commission, now devotes himself to promoting Mies projects

Mies van der Rohe in 1956

Frank Scherschel The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images

Shining spaciousness was achieved by Mies in Illinois Tech's Crow Hall, a 220-foot-long, glass-enclosed building which is in fact one gigantic room. Its ceiling and walls are suspended from four exterior girders (two can be seen above), eliminating the need for interior supporting columns

Mies van der Rohe, 1956

Frank Scherschel The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images

Spiritual simplicity was Mies' aim in designing the Illinois Tech Chapel. Maintaining the basic campus pattern, he insisted on flat-roofed rectangle but provided brick walls to give the chapel a sense of privacy and solitude. Steel mullions of the facade echo shape of the cross above the altar

Illinois Tech Chapel, Mies van der Rohe, 1956

Frank Scherschel The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images

Reflections mirrored in glass wall of an apartment building on Lake Shore Drive building merge like a mirage with outside view of companion building and the lights of traffic.

Room reflections mirrored on glass wall of a Lake Shore Drive Apartment by architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

Frank Scherschel The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images

Mies' Manhattan Tower, the 38-story Seagram Building under construction on Park Avenue, is flanked by elevator shafts for lifting building materials to top. In rare switch for Mies, indented area at left has marble walls, not glass.

Seagram Building in New York City under construction by architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

Frank Scherschel The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, architect, 1956.

00957888.JPG

Frank Scherschel The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images

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