Written By: Liz Ronk

The title of a 1957 feature on Brazil published in LIFE magazine reads as if it might have been written last week: “Growing Pains of a Big Country: Ambitious Brazil Has Great Riches, Fine Prospects — and Big Problems.” The operative word here, of course, is “big,” as Brazil is huge in many ways, not least in geographic size (the 5th largest country on earth) and in population (200 million people).

But enormous troubles — many of which stem, at least in part, from the country’s endemic corruption — have held Brazil back from realizing its phenomenal economic potential. As the country hosts the 2014 FIFA World Cup and, in two years, the 2016 Summer Olympics, the world’s attention is focused on Brazil more intensely now than it has been in years. This gallery features color photos made seven decades ago, when beautiful, troubled Brazil was enduring “growing pains” not dissimilar to what it’s going through today.

Beautiful Rio sits in its great bay, 1957.

Brazil in Color 1957

Dmitri Kessel The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images

Sao Paulo, Brazil, 1957.

Brazil in Color 1957

Dmitri Kessel The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images

Brazil in Color 1957

Brazil in Color 1957

Dmitri Kessel The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images

Amazon 1957

Brazil in Color 1957

Dmitri Kessel The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images

Brazil in Color 1957

Brazil in Color 1957

Dmitri Kessel The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images

Brazil in Color 1957

Brazil in Color 1957

Dmitri Kessel The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images

Brazil in Color 1957

Brazil in Color 1957

Dmitri Kessel The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images

Brazil in Color 1957

Brazil in Color 1957

Dmitri Kessel The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images

Brazil in Color 1957

Brazil in Color 1957

Dmitri Kessel The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images

Brazil in Color 1957

Brazil in Color 1957

Dmitri Kessel The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images

Brazil in Color 1957

Brazil in Color 1957

Dmitri Kessel The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images

Brazil in Color 1957

Brazil in Color 1957

Dmitri Kessel The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images

Brazil in Color 1957

Brazil in Color 1957

Dmitri Kessel The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images

Brazil in Color 1957

Brazil in Color 1957

Dmitri Kessel The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1957.

Brazil in Color 1957

Dmitri Kessel The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images

LIFE magazine, Oct. 21, 1957.

Brazil in Color 1957

LIFE Magazine

LIFE magazine, Oct. 21, 1957.

Brazil in Color 1957

LIFE Magazine

LIFE magazine, Oct. 21, 1957.

Brazil in Color 1957

LIFE Magazine

LIFE magazine, Oct. 21, 1957.

Brazil in Color 1957

LIFE Magazine

LIFE magazine, Oct. 21, 1957.

Brazil in Color 1957

LIFE Magazine

LIFE magazine, Oct. 21, 1957.

Brazil in Color 1957

LIFE Magazine

More Like This

Haglia Sophia destinations

The Rescue of a Turkish Treasure

Rocky Mountain Road Trip destinations

The Highs of a Rocky Mountain Road Trip, 1959

Florence, Italy destinations

Florence, A Marvel Of Enduring Power

A Tahitian woman walking her horse through the jungle. destinations

Stunning Color Photographs of the Islands That Inspired Great Works of Art

Grand Canyon National Park in color, 1947. destinations

The Grand Canyon in Color: Stunning Photographs From 1947

Skiers at Mount Snow in Vermont, 1957. destinations

See Photos of Skiing’s Early Days as a Popular American Pastime